雅思同义词替换

同义词替换

1.放弃

Abandon  

abandon property废弃财产

abandon anchor弃锚

abandon vessel 弃船

Don not abandon yourself to despair.不要自暴自弃

give up

just give it up放弃吧

give yourself up屈服

yet only 4 percent to 7 percent actually give up smoking ,without help, permanently

abdicate(退位，正式放弃)

The king abdicated his throne, and the country became a republic.  

forsake  (遗弃)

silent forsake不言离弃

Dear Master，forsake me not, you promised, ever!

亲爱的师傅，您曾保证，永不离弃我

forgo

2.减轻

Abate  

abate pain/tax

demand has considerably abated.

ease

ease sb of his trouble     ease the burden/pain/pressure

舒适，悠闲（a life of ease, ease of mind）

lighten

lighten the ship减轻船重

This will lighten your spirit and give you strength and motivation.

relieve 使减轻痛苦忧愁

relieve stress

In 1993,he needed back surgery to relieve pain caused from decades of walking.

3.富于，充满

Abound（丰富） with

The myths and traditions of India abound with references.

be full of

be full of ambition野心勃勃、fire充满激情

an enterprise should be full of fairness and harmony

be rich in

be rich in oil/content/nutrition/vitamins

be filled with

be filled with tears/admiration/anticipation期待/confidence

4.中等规模的

  Average-sized   medium-sized

 both –motor电动机、corporation、aircraft、seed

C8 P25 26  判断题    答案为true

题目：A pilot entering Class C airspace is flying over an average-sized city.

原文：These other types of airspace,Classes D,C and B,govern the vicinity of airports.

     These correspond roughly to small municipal,medium-sized metropolitan and

     Major metropolitan airports respectively

5.二选一

  Alternative

  alternative conception另有概念、assessment另类评价、resource

  have（there is）no alternative but……

6.不明确的、怀疑的、不确定的

  Ambiguous  

  ambiguous strategy/attitude

doubtful  

doubtful operation

dubious

a dubious theory of classical anthropology

uncertain    

uncertain   factors

vague（含糊的、模糊的） a vague answer  

one must not be vague on matters of principle

在原则问题上不能含糊

obscure晦涩难懂、模糊地

obscure mathematics模糊数学

7.一年一次

annual

annual fee/expenditure/budget/consumption

every year   each year

8.人工的，人造的  

artificial

artificial intelligence/waves/fiber/dye人造染料

 manufactured

 manufactured truth/landscapes/certificate厂商证明书

man-made

man-made satellite

the first man-made satellite which was launched

synthetic合成的、人造的  天然的  

synthetic drug/detergent洗涤剂

C7 P76 31   判断题    答案为true

题目：Natural forests still exist in parts of Europe.

原文：All European forest are artificial......

C8 P96 20   判断题    答案为no

题目：Biological control entails(意味着） using synthetic chemicals to try and change  

    the genetic make-up of the pests’ offspring.

原文：a more effective and ecologically sound strategy of biological control,involving

    the selective use natural enemies of the pest population.

9.在…下方  

Beneath

beneath the lunar surface

below

below freezing point/cost

under

under attack/age未成年

under certain circumstance      under consideration

10.停止，终止

Stop

stop at nothing不惜一切代价

It seems Assad will stop at nothing to maintain power.

 end

in the end

put an end to

the world’s end世界尽头

cease(cease fire)  

suspend

suspend talks/payment

halt

题目：Biologists have the authority

     E to stop people fishing for sport

原文：biologists in a particular area can put a halt to fishing.Even sport fishing can be

     brought to a halt.

11. 解决

Solve

everything solved

deal with

deal with complaints/inflation

cope with(1、竞争2、对付、处理)  

cope with complex situation/stress

handle(操作、处理) 把手

resolve  

address（1、地址2、处理解决address important issues）

tackle(a task)

that depends on how you tackle the problem

C8 P96 21   判断题    答案为yes

题目：Bio-control is free from danger under certain circumstances.

原文：When handled by experts, bio-control is safe,non-polluting and self-dispersing.

12.损害

Damage  

fatigue damage疲劳损伤  repair/suffer damage

hurt

love hurt      feel hurt

  injure  

injure one’s feelings/reputation     birth injure产伤

harm  

harmful bacteria

impair(impair one’s health) 与repair区分

undermine

undermine authority

C8 P51 33    单选题

题目：According to the introduction,we become aware of the importance of smell

    when     C our ability to smell is damaged

原文：It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we

     begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense

     of well-being.

13.给与

Give  

offer  render（render sb a service）

impart

impart knowledge to pupils  

provide

provide feedback

 provide educational opportunities via Internet

 supply

 in short supply供应不足

 The drought has depleted their supply of water.

 Two leading drug companies have agreed to supply vaccines against disease to the world’s poorest countries.

afford

music affords her pleasure

14.培养

Develop   develop musical talent

cultivate (cultivate a love of art) “耕种”  

foster

（2）养育 foster children

foster father/mother/son/daughter/child养父

nurture(1、营养物 2、培育)

nurture one’s offspring/gifts and talents/promising musicians

15.优势

Advantage   benefit （benefit correctly from）

  strength   merit(merit and demerit)

16. 缺陷

Disadvantage   drawback    weakness     defect(defective有缺点的)    flaw缺点、瑕疵（a flaw in a diamond）  shortcoming

17.重要的、关键的

Important   key  

crucial

crucial point

He had administrators under him but made the crucial decisions himself.

significant  

In addition significant change in the US, Australia and Canada is taking place.

vital

It is vital to your mind, soul, body and your life.

substantial（1、大量的increase substantially2、重大价值的 a substantial argument/transaction）  

indispensable  

If you say that someone or something is indispensable, you mean that they are absolutely essential and other people or things cannot function without them.

essential

essential parameter

There are striking differences in life span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant.

C8 P88 5     list of headings

题目：Section F     viii The key to Japanese successes in maths education

原文：Section F

     So what are the major contributing factors in the success of maths

     teaching?

18. 认为

Think   believe

deem(deem one’s duty to do sth)  

I deem it advisable to buy property now.

hold  argue  be convinced  reckon(推断、认为)  

C8 P69 12   判断题    答案为yes

题目：Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.

原文：He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point-and he is

     hoping for good news.Bernstein predicts‘an avalanche of interest and support’

     if all goes well.

19.保护

Protect

conserve

conserve natural habitats/resources/soil and water

he dedicated himself to conserving our natural resources.

preserve (order)维持秩序

preserve…from…  preserve us from all our enemies.

C8 P77 40   判断题   答案为yes

题目：Conserving energy may help to extend a human’s life.

原文：It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend

     to extend life.

19.确保

Assure (The news assured me)

I assure you I’ll be there.

ensure  

ensure security

ensure funding for priority areas

guarantee

unity is the guarantee of victory.

20.边界

  frontier

they lined the north-western frontier with soldiers.

 boundary

 boundary blend边界混合、friction边界摩擦、layer边界层

C7 P76 32   判断题    答案为false

题目：Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries.

原文：This means that a forest policy is vital,that it must transcend national frontiers.

border

 border dispute边境争端

 border the Mediterranean与地中海接壤

21. 有害的

Bad

bad debt坏账    bad apple坏蛋

you bad faith你不守信用

 harmful

 harmful crack/radiation/bacteria/interference 有害干扰

 purify water of harmful chemicals

 detrimental

 detrimental to…/effect

22. 消除

Eliminate

eliminate illiteracy扫除文盲、political opponents/poverty

clear     clear up    

  remove

  remove parameters/furniture搬家、current layer移去当前层

  take away

take away food外卖

This was a complicated situation and I think there are several lessons

that you can take away from this friendship.

 smooth away

smooth away difficulty排除困难

eradicate 根除、消灭

  eradicate crimes、weeds、移除、消减malaria疟疾、corruption

C7 P46 14 段落信息包含题

题目：a cost involved in purifying(净化pure表示纯粹）domestic(国内   的）water

原文： E段 £23m for the removal of the bug cryptosporidium from

     drinking water by water companies.

C8 P68 7   summary

题目：In this method,a laser is used to create a line of ionization by removing

    electrons from B atoms

原文：...lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create

    Ions...a line of ionisation...

23. 导致

   Lead to

   the suppression of tribal and religious identity can lead to violence

bring about

bring about long-lasting changes/the disorder  

result in (as the result of)

cause    induce（1、induce sb to do sth引诱 2、导致）   generate光热电等 contribute to

24. 因此

So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this

25. 宣称。

Allege

（it is alleged that 据说）  many critics allege that

assert

（assert 断言sth to be true）

 she asserted that she was innocent.

declare

 declare independence宣告独立、bankruptcy、

claim  

insurance claim保险索赔

every citizen may claim the protection of the law.

affirm断言、证实  announce(announcement)

26 有益的

Useful  helpful  

beneficial

beneficial to /insect

profitable

profitable operation/agriculture/firm

rewarding  

compassion for others creates rewarding relationships.

Advantageous

C8 P74 28   list of headings

题目：Paragraph C     ii Why dying is beneficial

原文：The reason for this is easy to recognise......

温馨提示：在list of headings题型中题目中以why开头的选项。文章中多半会有the reason for 与之对应

27. 明显的

Clear

obvious  

obvious intention/warning/cause of death

evident（evidence）

an evident mistake    self-evident(不言而喻的)  

manifest(a manifest error of judgment)  

apparent (apparently)      definite

C7 P99 34  summary

题目：The results suggests that B unexpected noise produces fatigue but that this

     manifests itself later.

原文：Apparently,unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable   noise...    

28. 展示，描述

Show   reveal   illustrate  demonstrate  depict(描写，描述)  present   represent  describe

（change、situation、trend）

29. 限制，抑制

Limit

That measure is aimed at tackling the structures that limit access to jobs.

restrict

such information is restricted within military personnel.

 confine（confined to）

 Talent does not confine to geographical area and religion.

narrow狭窄的  tighten(变得紧张 tighten up)  

constrict 抑制、约束

She objects to the constant testing because it constrict he teaching style.

Constrain

C7 P43 11 单选题

题目：In a Japanese pagoda,the shinbashira  

     D stops the floors moving too far

原文：The shinbashira ,running up through a hole in the centre of the building, constrained individual storeys from moving too far.

30.集中，聚焦于

focus on   concentrate on   aim (aim at)

spotlight(n.聚光灯vt.使突出醒目)

lay/place/put emphasis on

highlight（n.*精彩场面，*重要部分 vt.着重，使突出）

we must highlight that the system can hardly be inaccurate.

C8 P92 13   单选题

题目：why do Japanese students tend to achieve relatively high rates of success in

     maths?

     答案为  C Much effort is made and correct answers are emphasised.

原文：and the emphasis is on hard work coupled with a focus on accuracy.

31、现代的

contemporary literature/civilization/linguistics/leadership

modern

modern toilet便所餐厅、enterprise

current  

current affairs

present

present status现状、

recent

recent geological period

up-to-date   latest

32.悲观的，忧郁的

   pessimistic （optimistic、realistic）

  C5 P26 27 判断题

  题目：Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.

  原文：For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast number, and that the planet’s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

    gloomy  depressed  depressing  hopeless  sad  blue（he looks blue）   dismal(a dismal song令人忧郁的歌)   miserable (悲惨的、可怜的 a miserable life)     unhappy  sorrowful

33. 加速，前进

accelerate

The pace of life is accelerating     accelerated erosion

C5 P26 32判断   答案 no

题目 It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.

原文therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by

   accelerating it.

speed up             speed up decision-making

advance

hasten

hasten shipment/the process

quicken

quicken metabolism

hurry（up）

34.规格、标准

specification说明书   standard

c7 P22 20 list of headings

题目：Paragraph H   The need to raise standards

原文：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past.

standard atmosphere标准大气、coal标准煤矿、code标准代码

35. 足够的， 充分的, 大量的

   sufficient

 sufficient stock、fund

 adequate   enough  abundant(abundant in minerals)  

plenty of  

she has plenty of imagination.

considerable(a considerable number)

  ample这个词一般都放在名词之前，ample time充裕的时间 ample evidence 充分证据

C7 P95 21 完成句子配对题

题目：In Alaska,biologists keep a check on adult fish

    G  to ensure that fish numbers are sufficient to permit fishing

原文：There are biologists throughout the state constantly monitoring adult fish as they show up to spawn.

C8 P45 16  list of headings

题目：Paragraph E    ix Enough food at last

原文：Paragraph E

     The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient

     in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.

36. 隔绝，孤立，分离

Isolation（an isolation hospital/ward 隔离病院、病房）

separation

separation device/filter/layer

detachment分开、分离

分遣队a detachment of marines

disconnect

insulate隔离、绝缘体

insulated cable/wire/concrete/brick

segregate分离、隔离      segregate frost隔离霜

Divide

C7 P51 31 判断题  答案为no

题目：MIRTP was divided into five phases.

原文：原文只说phase III.

C7 P51 2  判断题  答案为yes

题目：Prior to the start of MIRTP the Makete District was almost inaccessible

     during the rainy season.

原文：When the project began,Makete District was virtually totally isolated during

    the rainy season.

C7 P52 39 配对题（2）

题目：The isolation of Makete for part of year

     答案 E was no longer a problem once the roads had been improved

原文：The road improvements and accompanying maintenance system had helped

    Make the district centre accessible throughout the year.

C8 P99 35   ABC型配对题

题目：Separate containers are used for individual specimens.

     答案为 A hand collecting

原文：Individual insects are placed in plastic or glass tubes(1.5-3.0 ml capacity

     For small ants,5-8 ml for larger ants) containing 75% to 95% ethanol.

37. 脆弱的，容易受到伤害的

   fragile        fragile cargo

 vulnerable   delicate（1.易碎的2.精美的）frail（frail evidence无力的证据） weak  tender（tender eggs易打碎的鸡蛋）

38. 常见的，寻常的

usual, normal, common, general, ordinary, regular, routine（例行公事，常规）

39.  潮湿的

damp a damp cloth (dump)    wet   moist（the moist season/climate/soil湿地）   humid (humid air/region)

C8 P99 32   ABC型配对题

题目：It is particularly effective for wet habitats.

     答案为C sampling ground litter

原文：One of the most successful ways to collect them is to gather the leaf

     litter...This method works especially well in rain forests and marshy

     areas.

40. 撤退，撤离

Withdraw troops from把军队从…撤 withdraw cash

evacuate  staff

41. 灭绝，消失

extinct  

extinct language/volcano死火山

vanished  

our hopes have vanished.

C5 P73 29 段落信息包含题

题目：the reason why AI has become a common topic of conversation again

原文：A段 AI was big in the 1980s but vanished in the 1990s.It re-entered public consciousness with the release of AI,a movie about a robot boy.This has ignited public debate about AI.

gone   lost(loss)  die out

C7P20 2 段落信息包含题

题目：how early mammals avoided dying out

原文：A段 In the time when dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy,our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night.

C7 P46 18 判断题    Yes

题目：Several species of wildlife in the British countryside are declining.

原文：In Britain,for example,many of our best-loved farmland birds,such as the skylark.......,have vanished from huge stretches of countryside.

kill off  disappear

absence  (temporary absence/absence of gravity)

evaporate消失、蒸发

water evaporates into steam.

42.持久的，耐用的

durable (Marathon)  long-lasting  

enduring(endure忍受；持久)   enduring freedom/toxin/love

43.居住

settle定居、移民

settle in the conquered land

inhabit

dwell    live

reside   reside in New York  (resident)    (president)  

occupy

accommodate  

居住的人

settle→settler  

inhabit→inhabitant

dwell→dweller

reside→resident

occupy→occupant

C7 P94 14  判断题    false

题目：The inhabitants of he Aleutian islands renamed their islands‘Aleyska’

原文：The islands’ native inhabitants called this land mass Aleyska,the ‘Great Land’;today,we know it as Alaska.

44.基础的、基本的

underdeveloped   rudimentary   undeveloped  

fundamental

fundamental frequency/component/law/assumption

elementary(elementary school小学)  

initial*初的   basic    underlying

C7 P21 12

题目：Radar and sonar are based on similar mathematical theories.

原文：But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar.

C8 P74 27   list of headings

题目：Paragraph B   ix Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and

                    organisms

45. 客观的, 公正的

objective(subjective)  unbiased  impartial (be impartial to对…公正无私)  unprejudiced（pride and prejudice） fair  even-handed  disinterested（disinterested advice） just(a just man正直的人)   neutral (neural)    balanced  equal

46. 超过、胜过

Exceed    exceed hot超辣、standard超标、

surpass  

outweigh （the benefits far outweigh the inconveniences）

 in excess of  more than   excel    

 transcend

 to free your mind you have to transcend the judge and the victim.

C7 P76 32   判断题    答案为false

题目：Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries.

原文：This means that a forest policy is vital,that it must transcend national frontiers.

C7 P94 18  判断题   答案为true

题目：More than 320,000 tonnes of salmon were caught in Alaska in 2000.

原文：During 2000，commercial catches of Pacific salmon in Alaska exceeded

320,000 tonnes,with an ex-vessel value of over $US260 million.

C7 P94 20  判断题   答案为false

题目：During the 1990s,the average number of salmon caught each year was 100 million.

原文：during the 1990s,annual harvests were well in excess of 100 million,and on several occasions over 200 million fish.

47. 永远的,永恒的;

Eternal  (eternal glory/triangle三角恋爱)

everlasting   forever   endless  

permanent (permanent delegate/distortion)

  perpetual(perpetual calendar/bond)

48.僵硬的

Rigid刻板的、严厉的

rigid foam硬泡沫塑料、pavement刚性路面、steel

stiff身体僵硬  clay硬粘土

49.有毒的

Poisonous （chemicals）    toxic(a toxic plant)

C7 P46 21   判断题   答案yes

题目：One of the costs calculated by Professor Pretty was illness

     caused by food.

  原文：£169m from food poisoning.

50.流行的，普遍的

Prevalent   common   usual   prevailing(a prevailing style)  widespread   general   popular

51.取消、废除

  abolish （abolish slavery/treaty）

  cancel（cancel a contract）

 repeal（撤销法律、法令）

52.吸收

  absorb  

C7 P42 4判断   T

题目：The builders of pagodas know how to absorb some of the power produced by severe weather conditions.

原文： Clearly，Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature’s forces.

 suck（吸食液体）  digest

53.荒谬

  absurd    ridiculous

54.接受、接纳

  Accept   receive   admit

55.积聚、聚集、积累

  Accumulate(accumulate money for)  accumulation堆积物   amass(amass a great fortune)  collect   gather  pile (pile stones) (比较整齐的把东西堆积在一起)

  Build up

  C5 P70 24 summary

  题目：there has been a marked increase in the level of  F pollutants contained in the silt deposited(淤泥沉积）in the Nile delta.

  原文：Pollutants are faster and faster.....

56．指控、谴责

  Accuse (accuse sb of a crime)   charge (be charged with murder)

57. 疼、疼痛

  Ache(headache)  pain  sore溃烂疼   sore loser输不起的人

  sore ache pain疼痛

58.承认

Acknowledge    admit （he frankly admitted his error）  

C7 P29 37  summary

题目：However,Lozanov admits that a certain amount of F ritual is necessary in order to convince students,even if this is just a H placebo

原文：Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo....

confess（坦白、承认confess one’s guilt认罪confess to god） concede（不情愿的承认）

recognize（1、承认recognize a country’s independence）2、辨认   recognize a word)  

59.行为、行动

  Act  action  deed(good/evil deeds好/坏事)  operation(经营、买卖/操作/作战/手术)  

Operation

手术、运营，操作

C5 P47 27 配对题

题目：Peter Derks belive that humour ....

     D may provide valuable information about the operation of     the brain.

原文：if we can figure out how the mind processes humour, then we’ll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general.

60.积极地、活跃的

  Active  energetic  vigorous精力充沛的  brisk（brisk pace, brick）  lively活泼的、活跃的  vivid

61.使适合、适应

  Adapt  adjust调整、改变以适应…  conform(to)  suit  fit  

62.附加物、增加物

  Addition (addition compound)

attachment   supplement   accessory(charging accessory充电配件)

63.另外的、额外的

  Additional   extra   supplementary(lens/income/requirement)

C8 P92 12   单选题

题目：How do schools deal with students who experience difficulties?

     答案：A They are given appropriate supplementary tuition.

原文：...help to enable slow learners to keep up...sending them to ‘Juku’(private  

     evening tuition) if extra help is needed...

64.尊重、钦佩

  Admire  honour  respect  regard(1、regard as把…看做2、regard sb highly)  esteem(self-esteem)

65.意见、建议

  Advice   opinion  

proposal（marriage/revenue/thesis proposal）

 suggestion   recommendation  

66.飞机

  Aeroplane 英  airplane 美  aircraft航空器  plane  jet喷气式  helicopter直升机

67.害怕的、可怕的

  Afraid  fearful  awful  dreadful  frightful  terrible  horrible

  terrific  appalling（appalling crimes骇人听闻的罪行）

68.进攻、侵略

 Aggression

the threat of massive military aggression

 invasion

 invasion of privacy

 assault 攻击、袭击

attack  

offensive进攻的、冒犯的

offensive weapon

offensive is the best defense.

the enemy launched a fresh offensive.

C8 P52 40  填空题

题目：Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain cultures are not regarded as  

     unpleasant in others.

原文：Odours are invested with cultural values:smell that are considered to be

    offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others.

69.苦恼、痛苦

Agony    the agony of drug test

misery    one usually associates poverty with misery.

distress   sorrow

70.同意、赞同

  Agree  consent（to）by common consent经一致同意

 approve

comply (with) 顺从

 If you do not comply with these rules, the transaction strategy will

 not work.

71.符合、一致

  Agree  accord（with）  coincide（1、巧合2、相符）  conform (to)  correspond（correspond to objective reality符合客观事实）

72.协定、协议、契约、合同

  Agreement

  come to/arrive at/reach an agreement

  contract  treaty  convention（公约、惯例 conventional惯例的、常规的）  bargain(1、买卖合同2、讨价还价bargain with sb about the price)

73.惊吓、惊恐

 Alarm

 alarm code/detector/switch

 frighten

scare(scare tactic/scared to death)

intimidate恐吓、威胁

intimidate or bully people

74.相似的、类似的、相同的

 Alike  like  similar  comparable  uniform （完全相同的）

 identical(完全一样的)  resemble(像，类似)  same

C7 P91 11  summary

题目：the discovery on one pyramid of an object which resembled a modern glider.

原文：A wooden artefact found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily like a modern glider.

C8 P21 9 图表题

题目：resembling 9、      

答案为（ship’s)anchor

原文：a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670,in England......which was a

     lever-based device shaped like a ship’s anchor.

75.娱乐、消遣

 Hobby  pastime (pastime paradise)

 recreation (recreation facility/period/supervisor/vehicle)

 amusement  (amusement arcade)

entertain  (street/adult entertainer )

76.古代的、古老的

Ancient

ancient Greek/Rome/relics/civilization/coins创造）

 old

antique古玩、古代的 pottery陶瓷

77.愤怒

  Anger(angry bird)  

indignation

indignation to the terrorism/arouse the people to indignation

fury

be filled with fury满腔怒火

fury of the dragon猛龙过江

rage狂怒

  激情（a rage for collecting stamps）

78.急切的、渴望的

  Anxious  

  anxious about the future/exam results

eager(eager to do)  keen

79.仪器、设备、器械、器具

 Apparatus(cooling/heating/medical/remote control apparatus)  instrument仪器、乐器    device(电子装置)   equipment   tool  implement（household implement日用器具）   appliance(家电、器械domestic appliance manufacturers)   facility（port facilities）     infrastructure基础设施     engine    jet engine

80.交换

  exchange   swap(swap data)

C7 P68 summary

题目：Genetic analysis shows they constantly upgrade these fungi by developing new species and by D exchanging species with neighbouring ant colonies.

原文：DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies.

81.抓住、捉

 Arrest 逮捕   arrest warrant逮捕证

capture捕获  capture trigger捕获触发器

           capture the opposing flag

catch       catch a cold

seize        seize a fish/an iron bar

82.要求、请求

 Ask     ask for comment/ask for permission or approval

beg  

During the Depression, many people had to beg for a living.

demand  

demand for compensation

require

entrance requirement/require capacity

request

request scope请求范围

claim  

claim for tax

pray

pray for your pardon/pray for the victims of Japan

83.错误、缺点

  error  

accumulated error/error detector/error criterion

mistake

overlook mistake/make a mistake

fault

my worst fault is impatience.

C7 P99 33  summary

题目：The group which had been exposed to unpredictable noise 答案I made more

    mistakes than the group which had been exposed to predictable noise.

原文：As shown in Table 1 the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later

     Proofreading task than predicable noise.

84.分配、分发

 Assign（assign two rooms to sb分配给两个人）        

distribute

分发distribute magazines to children/free anti-virus products

分布  

 divide（1、分割divide into /divide and conquer分而治之2、分配）  

allocate

allocate funds for new projects/allocate the memory分配内存

85.同事、伙伴

 Associate（n.合伙人、同事）  

companion同伴、同志  battle/learning companion

colleague     consult the colleague

fellow同辈、伙伴    fellow citizen同胞

 partner   marriage partner

86.吸引、引诱

 Attract（attract investment from private company）  tempt (tempt  the appetite引起食欲)   temptation诱惑乐队

87.笨拙的

  Awkward  clumsy（clumsy finger）

88. 使着迷、迷住

charm     魅力 prince charming白马王子

enchant    enchanting scenery

 fascinate   The plot of the novel is fascinating.

89.阻止、阻塞

 Block  石块，阻塞，街区

bar(we bar smoking here)  

hinder    hinder your life

obstruct(obstruct the traffic阻塞交通)   prevent(from)  

hamper妨碍    hamper the distribution of foreign books

C7 P52 37 配对题（2）

题目：Frequent breakdown of buses and trucks in Makete  

  I hindered attempts to make the existing transport services more efficient.

原文：The efforts to improve the efficiency of the existing transport services were not very successful because most of the motorised vehicles in the district broke down and there were no resources to repair them.

C7 P91 9 summary

题目：which could lift large pieces of stone

原文：which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive

     blocks of stone

90.船

 Boat    wooden boat/ the dragon boat race

ship    container ship

canoe独木舟  steamer汽船

  vessel船只，容器  Japanese coast guard vessel

  craft航天器、小船     aircraft

91.勇敢地，胆大的

 Bold 强壮的、勇敢地

 Thrive in the face of adversity, fortune favors the bold.

 brave

 brave as a lion        brave heart

courageous （courage）   courageous captain

daring (dare to do)  

Life is either a daring adventure or nothing.

reckless鲁莽的、胆大妄为的

contrary to myth, entrepreneurs are not reckless gamblers.

fearless

guns are essential, because polar bears are fearless.

92.使人不安或烦恼

  Bother

  is something bothering you?

upset

don’t upset yourself

disturb 打扰

 I dream about him, dreams so vivid that they disturb me for days…

 trouble（don not trouble yourself） annoy(annoying扰乱)

A dreadful choice: whether to annoy America or china

irritate(irritation激怒、恼怒)

their attitude irritates me

93.虫

 Bug臭虫、病菌       superbug超级病菌

 insect 昆虫    insecticide杀虫剂

pest 害虫      pesticide杀虫剂

worm蠕虫    

C7 P46 17  段落信息匹配题

题目：B段 One effect of chemicals on water sources.

原文：B段 Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous

           industrial fertiliser and pesticide use,while the growth of algae is

           Increasing in lake because of the fertiliser run-off.

94.小心的、谨慎的

 Careful（be careful）

  cautious    cautious about drinking alcohol

prudent    prudent and gradual transition

95.变化、改变

 Change  alter（alter the traditional policy）  vary(1、vary the speed 2、使多样化)     convert (convert economic muscle into military strength)    shift(a shift in government policy)     modify（修改modify the terms of a contract）    transform (transformer)

 switch(n开关，switch operating systems)

C8 P28 29   完成句子配对题

题目：Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with

     答案为A the discovery of a mechanism for telepathy

原文：Answering such questions would transform parapsychology......but in probing

     possible mechanisms.

C8 P44 12   判断题    答案为true

题目：The process invented by Pilkington has now been improved.

原文：The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1980s.However,the product

    has changed dramatically ,from a single thickness.....to.....to.....,from.....to  

    almost optical perfection.

C8 P89 6    判断题     答案为yes

题目：There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths

     than amongst their Japanese counterparts.

原文：Japanese pupils at age 13 have better scores of average attainment,but there

     was also a larger proportion of ‘low’ attainers in England,where,incidentally,

     the variation in attainment scores was much greater.

C8 P99 27   判断题     答案为true

题目：Taxonomic research involves comparing members of one group of ants.

原文：For taxonomy,or classification...to allow the determination of variation within

     species.

96.欺骗

 Cheat  deceive(what a shame to deceive the girl)  trick诡计、骗局  fool  fraud (charity/commercial fraud)

C8 P29 35   table

题目：Positive results could be produced by factors such as sensory leakage or 35.fraud.

原文：......positive results.These ranged from‘sensory leakage’--where clues about

    the pictures accidentally reach the receiver--to outright fraud.

97.普通的、普遍的

 Common   ordinary  commonplace  general  usual  popular

 universal（宇宙的、普遍的）

98.竞争

 Compete (competition)   contend(contend for power争夺权力)   contest争夺  a hot dog eating contest    rival与…竞争

99.复杂的

 Complex            complex personality    

complicated          we humans are so complicated

sophisticated         defeat a sophisticated foe

intricate       错综复杂的 an intricate instrument/carving

elaborate      1、复杂的2、详尽阐述、详尽的  an elaborate ceremony

C7 P21 10 summary

题目：Long before the invention of radar,natural selection had resulted in a sophisticated radar-like system in bats.

原文：natural selection working on bats,had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier

C8 P92 11 单选题

题目：When a new maths topic is introduced,

     答案为 C it is carefully and patiently explained to the students

原文：After the homework has been discussed,the teachers explains the topic of the    

     lesson ,slowly and with a lot of repetition and elaboration.

100.组成、成分、部分

 Component 零件   a key component of a nuclear weapon

constituent       constituent particle

element    elementary school/student=pupil

ingredient配料、要素  

 mix in the remaining ingredients

101.隐藏、隐蔽

  Conceal   conceal identities

 hide（hidden cost）hide-and-seek

102.收缩、压缩

  Condense浓缩、缩写    condense carbon dioxide

 compress压紧、压缩     compressed biscuit

shrink(1、缩水a shrinking market 2、缩水)

103.状况、情况

  Condition       conditional admission

state           state of marriage

status（地位）  what is your current financial status?

situation

circumstance     under certain circumstance

104.监禁

  Confine（1、限制2、监禁）  imprison   imprison soul

jail监禁、监狱    break jail越狱

105.混乱状态

  Confusion   disorder   mess(凌乱状态The room is a mess ) chaos （this is the era of confusion and chaos）

106.征服、战胜

  Conquer(conquer one’s rivals)(man can conquer nature)  overcome(overcome difficulties、shortcomings)  overthrow推翻  defeat  beat(beat a drought)  subdue(subdue nature/the enemy征服自然/敌人)

107.连续的、不断地

  Continuous   successive（the successive days连续三天） constant    constantly renewed=renewable

persistent（persistent rain连绵不断的雨）

108.复制品、复制

  Copy 抄写         duplicate  duplicate success

reproduction再生产、复制  

replicate (The process of replication is very quick and efficient.

  模仿 emulate(emulate a pop star)  imitate

mimic computers can mimic creatures

C7 P25 23 判断   NG

题目：Modern water systems imitate those of ancient Greeks and Romans.

文章：despite our progress, half of the world's population still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans.

109.谷物

  Corn 玉米 grain   cereals（breakfast cereal）

110.纠正、改正

   Correct   rectify(rectify errors)   remedy治疗、纠正situation

 revise （revise a document）  amend(amend a bill修改议案)

C7 P22 17 list of headings

题目：Paragraph E i scientists’ call for a revision of policy

原文：At the outset of the new millennium ,however,the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change....some water experts are now demanding.....

111.爬

   Creep匍匐   climb (a hill)  crawl（crawl with爬满，充斥的）

112.收成

   Crop   harvest   yield产量  crop yield=crop was harvest

C8 P95 16   单选题

题目：Cotton farmers in Central America began to use pesticides

     答案为 D to ensure more cotton was harvested from each crop.

原文：...cotton farmers in Central America...the farmers avidly took to pesticides

     as a sure measure to boost crop yield.

113.致命的

   Deadly   fatal（a fatal wound/illness）   lethal(lethal gas)

114.推延、延期

   Delay        delay retirement age

postpone      postpone the expedition/crisis/appointment

defer         defer payment

prolong延长  prolong the flight

put off       put off action

C8 P74 32    list of headings

题目：Paragraph G  iv Prolonging your life

原文：G段

     It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to

    extend life.

115.代表、代理人

   Delegate议员   representative（a legal representative）(sales representative)  agent( a shipping agent)  substitute替代、替补

116.加强、增强

   Enhance     enhance the reputation/economic cooperation

heighten     heighten tension/sensitivity

intensify     intensify one’s sense of responsibility  aggravate(恶化)    aggravate symptom/recession

117.增加、增大、扩大

   Enlarge     enlarge the budget deficit

amplify     amplify a radio signal

  expand     expand your outlook

increase

magnify(magnify images 2 times)  multiply 乘、增殖

augment扩大、增加 augment the family income

118.保证

   pledge誓言       pledge to cut spending

promise       promise me you will not waste your time

119.嫉妒

   Envy   jealousy

   you should be able to manage personal jealousy and feelings of envy

120.估价、估计

   Estimate  average/official estimate

 appraise   appraise sb’s work/quality appraise

 assess（assessment）(access)  

evaluate   evaluate your skills and talents

value

121.外部的

  Ex-   out-  开头的单词往往有在什么外面的意思

 External   exterior（exterior walls外墙）  outer（outer space）  outside  outward   exclude  

C7 P76 28  判断题   答案为false

题目：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the     European Economic Community.

原文：Those confined to particular geographical areas,such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded.

C7 P51 34 判断题   答案为yes

题目：The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport  requirement as outside the local area.

原文：Interesting facts regarding transport were found:95% was on foot;80% was

    within the locality.

122.内部的、内在的

   Inner   inside   interior   internal   inward  

C7 P42 5  配对题

题目：easy interior access to top   答案为B only Chinese pagodas

原文：The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone ,with inner staircases....

123.**的、知名的

   Famous  noted(noted scientist)  

  Well known=famous

C6 P19 9 判断Johnson has become more well known since his   death

原文  it is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours.  

C7  P29 summary

Although Lozanov’s method has become quite K well known ,the results of most other teachers using this method have been G unspectacular.

原文while suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates.

prominent   prominent storyteller**作家

outstanding  

notorious臭名昭著的

an area notorious for drugs, crime and violence

eminent    the eminent lawyer/banker

well-known

distinguished     a distinguished career

124.愚蠢的、笨的、傻得

   Foolish   hoping for the best is foolish凡事都往好处想是很傻的

silly      you look silly

stupid   simple   dull愚钝的

125.疏忽、忽略、忘记

   Forget   omit省略、疏忽   omit the salt

  neglect（neglect one’s duties玩忽职守）   overlook   disregard（disregard sb’s warnings漠视、不顾）   ignore

126.气味

   Fragrance香气   odor=odour  smell  perfume人造香气、香水  scent  olfactory

   C7 P67 5 判断     答案为false

题目：In one experiment,foraging teams were able to use their sense of smell to find

     Food.

原文：Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues.

127.汽油

   Gasoline 北美   petrol 英国

128.温和的、柔和的

   Gentle（gentleman）   mild (mild winter)

soft   soft music/cheese

tender(a tender beefsteak)  moderate中等的、适度的、温和的

moderately large insects中等大小的昆虫

129.致病的微生物

   Germ   germ transmission

 bacteria   virus计算机病毒  computer/flu virus

bug

130.商品、货物

  Goods    consumers have enjoyed cheap Chinese goods

merchandise（merchant商人）(招商银行China merchant bank)  freight英国专指船上货物   commodity(scarce commodity)

131.草

  Grass 青草、牧草   herb 药用   weed 杂草weed-killer除草剂

132.坟墓、墓穴

   Grave   tomb

133.几乎不

  Hardly   scarcely   barely   rarely

134.天堂

 Paradise (HK is a shopper’s paradise)  heaven(go to heaven去天国)

135．租、租用

 Rent   rent charge租金

lease   lease agreement租赁合同

hire  雇佣 refuse to hire left-handers

charter租用大型运输工具

136.洞、穴

   Hole  asshole

cave    cave painting=drawing

hollow（1、空的2、洞、坑）  

pit 地上的洞、煤矿 the mining pit

137.巨大的、庞大的

   Huge    huge campus/the potential market is huge/huge army

enormous   the scope for reform is enormous

immense    an immense ocean/obstacles

 giant       a Nordic giant/green giant

gigantic     gigantic pit/joke

vast        china has a vast domestic market

massive    massive government investment in infrastructure/fraud

 tremendous  tremendous effort/tension/pressure/impact

138.反对

   object   strongly object

  oppose   many people oppose bilingual education.

resist     抵抗resist aggression/chemical-resistant

protest抗议、反对  protest soaring prices

reject   reject a common belief

139.饥饿

    Hunger  hunger is the best sauce

 famine饥荒  suffer famine/a threat of famine

 starvation饿死

C5 P26 29 判断题

题目：the number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.

原文：Fewer people are starving.

C8 P45 16  list of headings

题目：Paragraph E    ix Enough food at last

原文：Paragraph E

     The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient

     in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.

140.沉浸、浸入

   Immerse（1、immerse sth in the water/liquid 2、专心于、沉浸于）

dip试探性的 dip the food into the sauce

 plunge跳入plunge into the river

submerge淹没 the river submerged an entire village.

141. 草地

   Lawn草坪   meadow草地、牧场  pasture牧场pastureland

142.适当的、适合的

   fit   shoes/coats fit me

proper      proper resources and training

suitable     appropriate  take appropriate action

fitting     fitting end

 apt        apt comment

C8 P52 38    填空

题目：Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack

    the appropriate vocabulary.

原文：Odours,unlike colours, for instance,can not be named in many languages

     because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist.

143.牢房、监狱

   Jail   prison  cell细胞

144.杀、杀死

   Murder  he was charged with murder

kill   kill off杀光 antibiotic can kill bacteria

slaughter屠宰动物  massacre大屠杀  assassinate刺杀、暗杀  execute 处决  execution by lethal injection

145.潜在的

   Latent       latent conflict/censorship/meaning

   underlying    underlying cause

   potential      potential resources/capacity/hazard

commercial potential

146.瘦的

   Lean   lean coal贫煤lean soil瘦地

slender苗条的  slim细长的（a slim person）  slight (1、纤细的、瘦小的2、轻微的)   thin薄的thin air/layer

147.松弛的

   Loose（loose skin松弛的皮肤）

  if a tooth feels very loose, your dentist may recommend take it out

  loose button/lips口风不紧

C7 P42 10 配对题

题目：floors fittings loosely over each other  

     答案C only Japanese pagodas

原文：Japanese pagoda,unlike their counterparts elsewhere, are not actually connected to each other.They are simply stacked(堆）one on top of another like a pile of hats.

  slack（a slack rope）

C7 P43 13 单选题

题目：The storeys of a Japanese pagoda are  

     C fitted loosely on top of each other

原文：Japanese pagoda,unlike their counterparts elsewhere, are not actually connected to each other.They are simply stacked(堆）one on top of another like a pile of hats.

148.遇见、会见、碰见

   Meet    

encounter偶然遇到   with violence/obstacles/a new species/

confront面对  with severe problems/fundamental moral questions

 face   face the facts

149.熔化、溶解

   Melt    melt iron/chocolate

 dissolve溶解  the salt/sugar

fuse   wire熔丝

C8 P43 6、7图表题

题目

原文

Consequently,when pouring 6、molten glass onto the 7、molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat.

150.整齐的、整洁的

   Neat     a neat room/person/layout of city

 tidy     a tidy person

 orderly   keep all areas of life neat and orderly

151.邻近、附近

   Neighborhood  

the neighborhood is a working-class community

surrounding

vicinity   near   in the vicinity of=near

152.焦躁的、紧张的

   Nervous   the party is nervous about its prospects of next election神经 nervous system

restless   impatient   uneasy

153.喂养

Nourish   nourish activities     nourish a baby by milk

      雅思can nourish not only the mind but also the soul

feed  graze喂食牧草  graze cattle

154.服从、听从

  Obey   obey order/regulation/law

comply(with)      

submit

the opposition反对派is refusing to submit and the revolution is spreading

提交submit feedback

155.对手、敌手

Opponent   competitor   enemy   rival

foe  defeat a sophisticated foe/elusive foe难以捉摸的

156.郊区、近郊

   Outskirt     metropolitan outskirt

   suburb      suburb district/invisible suburb

157.特有的、显示特征的

   Peculiar

language is peculiar to mankind

 characteristic

 genes determine the characteristics of creatures.

 define  characteristic

individual  

individual personality

distinctive有特色的、区别的    distinctive feature

 specific      specific emotion

158.感觉、认知

   feeling   feeling of guilty罪恶感 feeling of shame羞愧感

sensation     olfactory sensation/loss of sensation in the limbs  

sense    sense of smell

consciousness意识

perception感知能力、认知能力human perception

          reinforce the perception

          perception is a dynamic phenomenon

Perceive感觉感知

C7 P20 summary 7

题目：the ability actually comes from perceiving obstacles/echos through the ears.

原文：Blind people, without even being aware of the fact,are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds,to sense the presence of obstacles.

cognition  cognition research认知研究

        cognitive认知的，感知的cognitive bias/psychology

awareness  offensive awareness/awareness of democracy

C8 P49 27   list of headings

题目：Paragraph A     viii The relationship between smell and feelings

原文：Paragraph A

     It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses.

159.个人的、私人的

   Personal   private(private affairs)   individual

160.同情、怜悯

   Pity      feel pity for sb同情某人、pity you

 mercy仁慈、怜悯    mercy killing

sympathy    capture sympathy

 compassion   arouse sb’s compassion引起同情

161.赞扬、表扬、称赞

   Praise   buyer praise/recognize effort and praise employees

applaud（1、鼓掌2、I applaud your decision同意决定）

commend正式的表扬

I commend her for her courage and faith.

compliment（pay a compliment to sb赞扬某人、赞扬）

162.偏见、成见

   Prejudice   pride and prejudice

bias   bias against对什么有偏见

163.囚犯、俘虏

  Prisoner  captive战俘  convict(1、罪犯2、证明有罪、宣判有罪)

164.激怒

   Provoke（provoke sb to anger）

 irritate   their attitude irritates me/irritate skin刺激皮肤

aggravate  what aggravates you most about your country/加重、恶化

165.惩罚、处罚

   Punishment   penalty处罚、罚金

166.跟随、追踪、追求

   Pursue     pursue your goal/career

 chase追逐  a long chase/chase profit/the championship

trace跟踪、线索  the exhibition traces the history of america

track  n.轨道  track deadlines/treatment progress

trail    trail a suspect嫌疑犯

167.使困惑、迷惑、糊涂

   Puzzle   a word puzzle字谜

bewilder      confuse   confuse predator捕食者

 perplex（be perplex for an answer）   baffle（baffle description 难以形容） baffle them with your bull shit

168.奇怪的、奇异的

   Queer  queer bird/fish 奇怪的人   同性恋

curious    curious about对…好奇

strange   eccentric古怪的   eccentric taste

169.虚弱的、乏力的

   Weak   feeble    the government is feeble and corrupt

 frail   fragile

170.随便的、任意的

   Casual(偶然a causal meeting/visitor)(casualty伤亡事故)   random（at random）

171.造反、叛乱、骚乱

   Rebellion   revolt （against） riot暴乱 the riot police防爆警察

172.拒绝

   Refuse    decline(decline an invitation)    reject（reject a request拒绝请求、排斥）   repel（repel a temptation不受诱惑）    deny（1、否定2、deny sb admission拒绝入场）

   C8 P52 35    单选题

   题目：what is the writer doing in paragraph C?

        答案为  C rejecting a common belief

    原文：In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives,smell is

         probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures.

173.通常的、惯常的

   Usual     customary  customary route/ownership/procedure

   conventional（a conventional weapons常规武器）

   conventional volcanic rock/measure

174.威胁、恐吓

   Threaten   menace(constitute a menace to world peace)   intimidate(intimidate sb into doing sth)

    intimidate colleague/authority

175.富裕的

   Rich   wealthy   affluent（be affluent in minerals矿产丰富）

176.腐烂、分解

   Rot(a civilization that rotted and disappeared)  

decay   decay teeth

decompose   the debris slowly decompose/decompose cellulose

spoil（1、损坏2、食物腐败）

177.转动、旋转

   Rotate  

the earth rotates round the sun/rotate clockwise顺时针转动

revolve   roll  转动、翻滚

spin  spinning旋转法

the latest discs, used for portable computers, spin 3600 times a minute

 turn    turn a handle

C8 P43 1    table

题目：

答案为spinning

原文：The first successful method for making clear,flat glass involved spinning.

178.粗糙的

   Rough粗略的，大致的a rough estimate  

coarse   a beach of coarse sand

harsh（1、粗糙的2、严厉的）  

uneven不平坦的、不均匀 uneven dyeing/surface

179.神圣的

   Sacred(the sacred territory)  

divine(the Divine上帝)   divine healing神圣治愈，游戏

 holy   holy bible圣经、holy roman empire

180.短暂的、瞬息的

   Temporary   a temporary loss of memory

      the civil war halt temporarily

momentary   a momentary loss of concentration

transient     a transient hope/fault/phenomenon

181.水手、船员

   Sailor   sailor moon美少女战士

 seaman   mariner

182.相同的、相等的

   Same   identical  identical standard/element

equal  equivalent（be equivalent to等于）

 equivalent process/opportunity

C7 P67 1 判断题    答案为false

题目：Ants use the same channels of communication as humans do.

原文：Such chemical communication can be compared to the human use of visual and auditory channels......

183.使分散、使散开

   Scatter   scatter flower/scattered radiation

disperse (disperse sb’s attention)  

police dispersed the crowd/the wind dispersed the fog

spread    spread knowledge/fertilizer

184.送出、发送、传送

   Send    send message

deliver  deliver vital information

C7 P91 13 summary

题目：In addition, over two thousand years ago kites were used in China as weapons,as well as for sending messages.

原文：as early as 1250 BC,the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump flaming debris on their foes.

dispatch派遣dispatch a fleet

 transmit   transmit the letter

transmit virus/infection传播

185.丢脸、羞愧

   Shame   football is a national shame for China

disgrace(bring disgrace on sb)(disgrace oneself by drinking too much)  

embarrassment   you are embarrassment to the nature

dishonor     suffer dishonor

186冲击、碰撞

   Shock   shock absorber

impact(1、冲击huge impact 2、影响)  

collision   collision accident

clash     clash with the police/armed clash

 crash     air/car crash

187.显示、显露、展现

   Show   exhibit   display   manifest(manifest a charming personalty)   demonstrate

188.皮、皮肤

   Skin    skin care/tofu skin

  leather   fur   hide兽皮   peel果皮   scale鱼鳞

189.特殊的、特别的

   Special   especial   specific   particular  

exceptional  exceptional case/ability

190.华丽的、宏伟的、辉煌的

   Splendid   splendid hotel/adventure

gorgeous   gorgeous mountain scenery

superb     a superb building

 magnificent  a magnificent cathedral

191.纵容、溺爱

   Indulge   indulge a child/games         spoil

192.黏着、附着

   Stick   stick a stamp on the envelope

glue胶水粘  glue the broken pieces together

adhere   the mud adhered to his shoes

cling（to）  the wet clothes cling to his body

193.压力、重压、紧张

   Strain   under considerable strain

 stress   pressure   tension

194.策略、战术

   Tactic   classic tactic         strategy

195.准确的、正确的

   accurate  accurate assessment/prediction/imitation

 exact  precise  right  correct

C7 P21 11 summary

题目：Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because radio waves are not used in their navigation system.

原文：It is technically incorrect to talk about bat ‘radar’,since they do not use radio waves.

C8 P92 13   单选题

题目：why do Japanese students tend to achieve relatively high rates of success in

     maths?

     答案为  C Much effort is made and correct answers are emphasised.

原文：and the emphasis is on hard work coupled with a focus on accuracy.

196.帮助

   help   assist  

aid   aid sb with money/financial aid

197.目标、目的

   aim  goal  purpose  target(target detection)  object

198. 空气

   atmosphere 大气、气氛  air  gas 气体

199.奖励

   award（award scholarship to disadvantaged students贫困生）   reward（as a reward for sb’s service）

200.海湾

  bay  gulf (比bay大)

201.开始

  begin   start  commence(commence business)

202.冷、凉

  cold  cool凉爽的   chilly寒冷的   frosty严寒的、霜冻的

  freezing极冷的    icy冰冷的icy wind

C8 P20 1   段落信息匹配题

题目：D段  a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold

           Temperature

原文：D段  they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing

          weather of northern Europe

203.委员会

  committee   commission授权、代理

204.合作

collaborate    cooperate

205.管理、支配

   control   govern(govern a country管理国家  government)

   manage(manage a school管理学校、企业  manage to)

   rule统治、管辖  under the rule of 在…统治下

   supervise监督、管理 supervisor

206.争执、不合

   controversy争论、争议     argument(争吵、争论 argument with father )     conflict(1、斗争、争论conflict with the authorities 2、冲突、抵触 an inner conflict内心冲突)      debate讨论、辩论

   dispute(dispute with/against sb争论)      

207.弯、弯曲

   curve使弯曲   bend (it is hard to bend an iron bar)  

   bow鞠躬     twist (弯曲、扭曲twist one’s ankle扭伤脚踝)

208.危险、威胁

danger   risk   hazard   threat    

210.深的

deep    profound深刻的

profound implication/shock and anger

211.明确的

  explicit   definite  specific

212.亲密的

  familiar熟悉的像自家人

 intimate(intimacy)   intimate sibling

close 关系铁

213.可行的

  feasible    proposal feasible

possible    practicable(practical实际的)

214.*终的、*后的

  final   last  

 ultimate   ultimate destination/goal

215.兴旺、成功

  flourish繁荣   our business seemed to flourish

thrive生意兴隆   market economy thrive

  succeed   prosper

  to prosper, a nation needs a well-educated workforce

 it will ultimately prosper again

C7 P95 23    完成句子配对题

题目：In-Season Abundance-Based Management has allowed the Alaska salmon

     fisheries    答案为 B to be successful

原文：It is this management mechanism that has allowed Alaska salmon stocks--and,

     Accordingly,Alaska salmon fisheries--to prosper...

216.预言、预测、预告

  forecast(weather forecast)    predict   foresee

217.暗示

  hint   a gentle hint

 imply  what does this imply for the future

 suggest  cue  implication  clue

218.认出、识别、确认

 recognize   make out  define  distinguish...by   identifying

C7 P46 20  判断   答案 No

题目：The financial costs of environment damage are widely recognised.

原文：That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities:they are outside the main transaction,which.......To many,the costs may not even appear to be financial at all......but nothing to do with money.And anyway they,as consumers of food,certainly aren’t paying for it,are they?    

C7 P48 27  list of headings

题目：Section B   ii Identifying the main transport problems    

原文：section B

    Before solutions could be proposed,the problems had to be understand.    

C7 P95 24  完成句子配对题

题目：The Marine Stewardship Council(MSC) was established

     答案为 A to recognise fisheries that care for environment

原文：The Marine Stewardship Council(MSC) commissioned......certifies fisheries  

     that meet high environmental standards,enabling them to use a label that

    recognise their environment responsibility.

C8 P22 19   list of headings

题目：Paragraph G  答案为vii Defining airspace categories

原文：G段  controlled airspace is divided into several different types.

C8 P49 32   list of headings

题目：Paragraph F  v The interpretation of smells as a factor in defining groups

原文：Paragraph F

     Importantly,our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us

    from other cultures.

C8 P52 36   单选题

题目：what does the writer suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere

     in paragraph E?     答案为 D  Smell is yet to be defined.

原文：...but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered.

C8 P52 37   填空题

题目：Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the clothing belonging  

     to their husbands and wives.

原文：In one well-known test,women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone

     clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other

     people.

C8 P99 28   判断题    答案为not given

题目：New species of ant are frequently identified by taxonomists.

原文：未提及

219.语言

  language    tongue(mother tongue母语)    dialect 方言

  idiom习语、成语     slang俚语   linguisitc语言学的]

C8 P52 38    填空

题目：Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack

    the appropriate vocabulary.

原文：Odours,unlike colours, for instance,can not be named in many languages

     because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist.

220.潜在的

  latent  latent energy潜能        potential    liable倾向于

221.方法、方式

manner(manners礼貌)     method     way   means

approach

222.成熟的

  mature(mature grain/mature plan)   ripe 果实、谷物的成熟

223.记忆、记住、回忆

  memorize   remember   recall  recollect   remind(提醒remind…of…)

224.商人

  merchant   businessman   trader   dealer尤指昂贵商品买卖的人

225.执行、实施、做

  perform(perform a task/duty执行任务、履行义务)     do

  fulfill履行诺言   fulfill destiny/original dream/mission

carry out(carry out policy)

226.在前的

  previous  

prior   prior distribution/prior to migration/survey

former

227.收入

  income    income generation工薪阶层

 revenue收入、国家收益     revenue tariff/tax

228.景色、风光

  scene   view   sight旅游风光   scenery   landscape自然风光

229.相似、类似

  similarity   resemblance  likeness

230.试验

trial   trial and error

experiment   test

231.经历、经受、遭受

   undergo   experience   sustain(1、sustain a defeat遭受失败2、维持、保持sustainable可持续的)

232.理解

  understand   comprehend the meaning（comprehensive内容广泛的）   appreciate欣赏、理解  grasp（1、抓住2、理解）

233.作者、作家

   author   writer

234. 能力

capacity能力，容量    competence （竞争）能力  ability 能力

235.长期的、慢性的

   chronic长期的,慢性的  long-term 长期的  long-standing

 C5 P66 list of headings 17

题目：paragraph F  viii  Looking at the long-term impact

原文：....but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem......that in the long term.....

236.依靠

   rely on   depend（heavily）on  

contingent on  

the deal is contingent on government approval

237.立刻、马上

   immediately  

instantly   you perceive this difference instantly    Promptly

C5 P47 24配对题

题目：One of the brain's most difficult tasks is to...C  respond instantly to whatever is happening.

原文：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain.

C8 P44 11 判断no

题目：Pilkington’s first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success

原文：When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again.They finally succeeded in 1959.

238.回应、回复

   respond  react  response

C8 P52 39   填空题

题目：The sense of smell may involve response to chemicals which do not smell,in

     addition to obvious odours.

原文：...smell is one sense or two-one responding to odours proper and other

     registering odourless chemicals in the air.

239、相对的、相应的

   relatively  comparatively  rare/low

  C5 P69 21 判断  yes

题目：Stanley found that the levels of sediment in the river water in Cairo were relatively high.

原文：Stanley in Marine Geology ‘There is still a lot of sediment coming into the delta.

240、名声、赞誉

   fame名气   acclaim称赞、欢呼

241、能力、才能、天才

    ability

    capacity      reasoning  capacity推理能力

    prodigy天才、神通     math/web prodigy

    capability

    The company’s manufacturing capability is quite limited.

   genius       talent      competence

   gift    he has a gift for comedy

   aptitude     remarkable aptitude 惊人天赋

242、大约、差不多

   almost     nearly     about    approximately

   around     roughly

243、动物、生物

  animal     beast兽  

creature       the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds.

  mammal哺乳动物       ancestor of mammal

  brute野兽      cattle大牲畜，尤指牛

244、欣赏

  appreciate(undervalued  C7   unrecognized and unrewarded C8)

  enjoy    I enjoy watching good films.

245、关于军事

Military

C5 P73 27 段落信息包含题

题目：how AI might have a military impact

原文：E HNC claim that their system, based on a cluster of 30 processors,could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or ......

C7 P20 5  段落信息包含题

题目：early military uses of echolocation

原文：it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.Both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices....

weapon武器（bomb、gun、knife、sword）

arms武器=armament       arms race军备竞赛

army军队     soldier     troops   withdraw troops

forces      peace-keeping forces

submarine   war  battlefield   camouflage迷彩服

246、意识到

aware     aware of the importance of smell

realize    realize the essential role the sense of smell

conscious        sensible

C8 P51 34   选择

题目：The experiment described in paragraph B

     答案为 A shows how we make use of smell without realising it

原文：as the experiment revealed,even when not consciously considered, smells

     register.

247、孩子

baby    child    infant    youngster

248、支持、拥护

back   uphold   the government should uphold the rights of citizens

support

sustain精神支持

the thought had sustained him throughout the years.

advocate

he advocates reforming the prison system.

C8 P67 3    单选题

题目：Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New Mexico

    答案为 A receive funds from the same source.

原文：University of Florida,with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute

    (EPRI),based in California...

    University of New Mexico.Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI

249、开始

commence     commence at midnight

start      begin  

initiate    he proposes to initiate discussions on procedures

C8 P20 6  list of....配对题

题目：They divided the day into two equal halves.  答案为F French

原文：French,hours,which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at

     midnight.

250、结束、完成

complete     finish    end    close  

terminate终止  terminate the contract

accomplish    accomplished sailor

251、文章、论文

composition     article   essay   paper   thesis   dissertation

252、犯法、犯罪

crime    sin  it is a sin to waste food

guilt    offence  

violation  a violation of religious rituals and tradition.

253、倒塌

collapse     only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.

fall        fall down

C7 P42 1   判断题   答案为yes

题目：Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.

原文：Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years.

C7 P95 25   完成句子配对题

题目：As a result of the of the salmon runs in 1999, the state decided

    答案为K to close down all fisheries

原文：the state reacted quickly,closing down all fisheries

254、一致的，和谐共存的

compatible 兼容的     consistent

C8 P99 30    判断题   答案为False

题目：A single collection of ants can generally be used for both taxonomic and

     ecological purposes.

原文：Unfortunately, these methods are not always compatible.

255、例子、事例

example

case

sample     analysis samples of handwriting

specimen    dental specimen

256、亲密的、熟悉的

familiar

intimate   success and determination are intimate siblings.

close

Confidential  a confidential secretary  机要秘书

257、楼层

floor     storey    a three-storey building

258、山

hill      steep hill

mount     mountain

peak      volcano     the eruption of volcano

259、疾病

illness    sickness    disease   complaint  skin complaint

260、新的

new   fresh   original   innovative    innovative approach

261、整体的一部分

part    piece   section   division   portion   fraction一小部分

fragment

262、陌生人、外来人

stranger    foreigner   alien   immigrant

263、年轻人、青少年

youth   teenager   adolescent

预测、预期

Expected   anticipated

C5 P20 17 段落信息包含

题目：the expected statistical outcome

原文：The psychiatrists felt that “ most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.

夸大

Exaggerate overstate

C5P27 34 选择 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate how....D environmental groups can exaggerate their claims.

原文Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments.In 1997, for example ,the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled:‘Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever’.The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.

紧迫

  urgent pressing

  C5 P25 40 summary

题目：more urgent health problem of providing the world’s population   withp clean drinking water.

文章：most pressing health problem:providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation

完全

   entirely   totally

C5 P40 2 summary

题目：Bakelite was unique because it was the first material to be both entirely (synthetic) in origin, and thermosetting.

原文：Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic.

听力

Auditory   listening

C5 P65 11判断   ture

题目：most ‘Missouri’ programme three-year-olds scored highly in areas  such as listening,speaking,reasoning and interacting with others.

文章：in fact,the average child on the programme was performing at the level of the top 15 to 20 per cent of their peers in such things as auditory comprehension,verbal ability and language ability.

269、C5 P69 18

Pump from抽出   pour into/onto倒...

C5 P69 23 判断   yes

题目：Water is pumped from the irrigation canals into the lagoons.

原文：The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to field by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoon.

C8 P43 6、7图表题

题目

原文

Consequently,when pouring 6、molten glass onto the 7、molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat.

阻止、打断

Interrupting    hold back

C5 P66 list of headings 14

题目:Paragraph B  iv Interrupting a natural process

原文：Up to now,people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of Egypt,which hold back virtually all of the sediment that used to flow down the river.

**次、创造

First used    coin硬币、创造

C5 P73 31段落信息包含题

题目：where the expression AI was first used

原文：B The field was launched, and the terms ‘artificial intelligence’coined , at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers.

C7 P21 13填空题

题目：The word ‘echolocation’was first used by someone working as a zoologist.

原文：The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar.

272、 当权力讲   Authority   right

    当权力部门讲Authority   official

C5 P23 判断

In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority.

原文：here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.

C7 P48 list of headings

题目：Section E    x Co-operation of district officials

原文：section E

     It would have been difficult to respond to the requests of villagers and other  

     rural inhabitants without the support and understanding of district authorities.

C7 P95 22  句子完成配对题

题目：Biologists have the authority

     E to stop people fishing for sport

原文：biologists in a particular area can put a halt to fishing.Even sport fishing can be

     Brought to a halt.

计算、测量

Calculated   measure

C7P20 8 summary

题目：However, even before this was understood the principle had been applied in the design of instruments

Which calculated the depth of the seabed.

原文：Engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle,for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship.

侦测、找到

Find   detect    detective/detector

C7P20 9 summary

题目：This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding submarines.

原文：After this technique had been invented,it was only a matter of time before weapon designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.

275、健康概念

sanitation n 卫生（设备）(sanit+ation) health

C5 P25 40 summary

题目：more I urgent health problem of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water.

文章：most pressing health problem:providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation

C5 P22 15 list of headings

题目：Paragraph C  vii The relevance to health

原文：Paragraph C

more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water,some two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services.Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day.

减小、缩小

decrease   reduce minimize   crash坠落、急速下降 diminish（diminish the cost of production）   lessen     dwindle缩小、减少

his reputation dwindled greatly.  

C7P25 25判断  T

题目：Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water consumption.

原文：But since 1980,the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased,thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry.

C7P94 19 判断  true

题目：Between1940 and 1959,there was a sharp decrease in Alaska’s salmon

     population.

原文：Between 1940 and 1959,overfishing led to crashes in salmon populations so

     severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area.

C8 P25 21  判断题   答案为false

题目：Air Traffic Control started after the Grand Canyon crash in 1956.

原文：Rudimentary air traffic control(ATC)existed well before the Grand Canyon

     disaster.    

C8 P29 37   table

题目：computers were used for key tasks to limit the amount of human involvement

     in carrying out the tests.                    

原因：By minimizing human involvement,the idea was to minimize the risk of

     flawed results

C8 P73 23   判断题   答案为true

题目：The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to

    lessen their significance.

原文：...the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become the

    commonplace knowledge of children and the once outrageous shapes and

    colours of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear.This

    does not minimise the supremacy(权威）of their achievement.

温馨提示：在阅读中可将多余的结构剔除，留下主谓宾，比如可将题目简化成

          ideas are accepted and fails to lessen their significance.

不重要

Unimportant   peripheral

C7P28 28 单选题

题目：Lozanov’s theory claims that ,when we try to remember things,  A  unimportant details are the easiest to recall.

原文：Lozanov’s instructional......,we will find it easier to recall peripheral details-the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it-than the content on which we were concentrating.

惯例的、平常的

Usual  conventional  ordinary

C7P29 33 判断  T

题目：In the follow-up class,the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

原文：there is a follow-up class at which......such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

C7P29 36 判断  T

题目：Students in a suggestopedia class retain more new vocabulary than those in ordinary classes.

原文：Another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1000 new words of a foreign language during a suggestopedic session,as well as grammar and idiom.

279、

Accompany

C5P45 20判断   答案为  yes

题目：Chimpanzees make particular noises when they are playing.

原文：Chimpanzees have a ‘play-face’---a gaping expression accompanied by a panting‘ah,ah’ noise.

C7 P52 39 配对题（2）

题目：The isolation of Makete for part of year

  答案 E was no longer a problem once the roads had been improved

原文：The road improvements and accompanying maintenance system had helped

  Make the district centre accessible throughout the year.

280、阶段、时期

Stage   period   phase

C7 P46 15  段落信息包含题

题目：the stages in the development of the farming industry

原文：First mechanization,then mass use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock,and now

genetic engineering--the onward march of intensive farming has seemed

unstoppable in the last half-century......

282、恶化, 变质, 退化,

deteriorate  worsen  exacerbate

C7 P46 19  判断   答案not given

题目：The taste of food has deteriorated in recent years.

原文：未提及

283、 藻类

Algae, seaweed, water plant, water-weed  

              C7 P46 17  段落信息匹配题

题目：B段 One effect of chemicals on water sources.

原文：B段 Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous

           industrial fertiliser and pesticide use,while the growth of algae is

           increasing in lake because of the fertiliser run-off.

方位、定位

   position, direction, bearing,    

C7 P67 4 判断    答案为true

题目：some ants can find their way by making calculations based on distance and

     position.      

原文：they navigate by integrating bearings and distances.....

牙齿

Tooth   dental

C7 P69 19   list of headings

题目：section F    ii dental evidence

原文：section F

     They involve the study of teeth and of languages......physical characteristics in

     human teeth......

优先

Priority   preferential

C7 P77 37  配对题

题目：Resolution 4   B Fragile mountain forests should be given priority in research

                    Programs.

原文：The subject of the fourth resolution discusses by the ministers was mountain forests......include a preferential research program......  

288、indicate =deduce=instructed=illustrate

  指示、表明、象征、暗示

    C5P22 21 选择 The teacher-subjects were instructed to......D    give punishment according to a rule.

    C5P27 34 选择 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate how....

    C7P70  图表 it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait.

    C8P48  summary    we can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of (climatic shift)....

    C7P72 The discussion of Williams's research indicates the periods at which early people are thought to have migrated along certain routes.

289、refer to=relate to=be associated with=be concerned with=link   to=involve(involved)

　涉及、与……相关

C5 P19 8 判断题  

   题目：The growing importance of the middle class led to an

                  increased demand for dictionaries.

   原文 ：the rise of dictionaries is associated with rise of the

                 English middle class.

C8 P67填空    

    the main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its size.

C5 P26 31判断    

题目 ：some pollution problems have been correctly link to

              industrialisation.

原文：and finally,most forms of environmental pollution either

            appear to have been exaggerated,  or are transient-

            associated with the early phases of industrialisation.

C7 P73 Reading Passage 2 refers to the three-wave theory of early migration to the Americas......

      C5  P45   18判断    

题目：Graeme Ritchie's work links jokes to artificial intelligence.

原文：Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic

            structure of jokes in order to understand not only humour but language

            understanding and reasoning in machines.

C5 P46 图表题21

题目：Right prefrontal cortex lights up-area of brain linked to problem solving.

原文：the listener's prefrontal cortex lit up,particularly the right prefrontal believed  

            to be critical for problem solving.

C5 P46  图表题23

题目：Orbital prefrontal cortex is activated-involved with evaluating information.

原文：the orbital prefrontal cortex.this patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the

     eyes is associated with evaluting information.    

C5 P50 32 summary

题目：This situation only changed after 1660 when scientists associated with

     the Royal Society.

原文：Fortunately,several members of the Royal Society possessed an interest  

     in language and become engaged in various linguistic projects.  

比…高级

superior to       better than

C8 P73  22 判断     答案为true

题目：The skills of ordinary individuals are in essence the same as the skills of  

     prodigies.                                        

原文：what we appreciate, enjoy or marvel at in the works of genius or the

    achievements of prodigies are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are

    similar to,but so much superior to, our own.

温馨提示：句中“but so much superior to”属于插入语，非强调的重点

C8    P49 list of headings  vii smell is our superior sense.

C5    P43 判断  

题目：Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average intelligence.

原文：Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others.

inferior to 比…低级

C7 P25 23 判断

题目：Modern water systems imitate those of ancient Greeks and Romans.

文章：despite our progress, half of the world's population still suffers, with water

      services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans.    

考虑

take into account=consider

C5 P18 3  

多选 G it took into account subtleties of meaning

原文 Unlike his predecessors,Johnson treated English very practically ,as a living language, with many different shades of meaning.

C8 P73 19 判断

Nineteenth-century studies of the nature of genius failed

to take into account the uniqueness of the person's upbringing.  

292、   demanding费力的

C7p29 32判断

题目：Prior to the suggestopedia class, students are made aware that the

    language experience will be demanding.

原文：beforehand,the students have been carefully prepared for the language

    learning experience.Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students

    they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and

    that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign

    language during the class.

C9P52 38 配对

题目：Thinking like a successful iconoclast is demanding because it

     A  requires both perceptual and social intelligence skills.

原文：Finally,to be successful iconoclasts,individuals must sell their ideas to other

     people.This is where social intelligence comes in.

C4 P94 18 判断

题目：Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology.

原文：未提及  

C5 P47 24配对题

题目：One of the brain's most difficult tasks is to...C  respond instantly to whatever is  

    happening.

原文：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain.      

干扰、打断

    Interfere    disturb  

C7 P98 29   单选题

题目：Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to interfere with the

    答案为  A successful performance of a single task.  

原文：But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if  

     the person is required to concentrate on more than one task.        

疲劳

    Fatigue   tired

C7 P99 34  summary

题目：The results suggests that B unexpected noise produces fatigue but that this

     manifests itself later.

原文：Apparently,unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise...  

源头、起源

    Origin   come from

C8 P20 3   段落信息匹配题

题目：a description of the origins of the pendulum clock

     答案为：F段

原文：F段 By the 16th century,a pendulum clock had been devised...  

一半

Half    50%   halves

C8 P20 6  list of....配对题

题目：They divided the day into two equal halves.  答案为F French

原文：French,hours,which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at

     midnight.

297、促使

urge    prompt    spur on

C8 P22 14    list of headings

题目：Paragraph A   答案为 ii Aviation disaster prompts action

原文：A段

     An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted

     in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) ......

气象

Meteorology    weather

C8 P22 18    list of headings

题目：Paragraph F   答案：viii  setting rules to weather conditions

原文：F段

     The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments.In good

    meteorological conditions.....

种类、分类

Categories   types   items

C8 P22 19   list of headings

题目：Paragraph G  答案为vii Defining airspace categories

原文：G段  controlled airspace is divided into several different types.  

城市

City  metropolitan特大城市

C8 P25 26  判断题    答案为true

题目：A pilot entering Class C airspace is flying over an average-sized city.

原文：These other types of airspace,Classes D,C and B,govern the vicinity of airports.

     These correspond roughly to small municipal,medium-sized metropolitan and

     major metropolitan airports respectively

挑选

Pick out      choose from

C8 P29 32   table

题目：...who picked out one 32.picture /image from a random selection of four...

原文：...a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image

     Bank...

财产

Property（1、财产2、特性、属性）  belongings    assets

C8 P44 9  判断题     答案为true

题目：The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.

原文：The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of  

     glass(about 600℃),but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature

     of the molten glass(about 1500℃).

C8 P67 2  单选题

题目：According to the text,every year lighting

     答案为 A does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.

原文：And there is damage to property too.

303、工厂

factory     plant

C8 P44 10   判断  答案为NG

题目：Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.

原文：未提及

侦查、检测

Detect    find    disclose

C7 P20 9   summary

题目：This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding submarines.

原文：it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the

     detection of submarines.

C8 P44 13  判断题     答案为true

题目：Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.

原文：To ensure the highest quality,inspection takes place at every stage......locating

     flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see.

关联、相关

relevance     conjunction

C5 P22 15 list of headings

题目：Paragraph C  vii The relevance to health

原文：Paragraph C

more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water,some two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services.Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day.

C8 P45 14  list of headings

题目：Paragraph B  vii The relevance of the Little Ice Age today

原文：Paragraph B

    The climatic events of Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern

    World.

一千年

Thousand       ten centuries

C8 P45 15      list of headings

题目：Paragraph D    vii A study covering a thousand years

原文：Paragraph D  

    This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries...

影响

  Impact    influence

C8 P45 17     list of headings

题目：Paragraph F   iv Human impact on the climate

原文：Paragraph F

     The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide

     into the atmosphere,triggering for the first time humanly caused global

     warming.

C8 P89 2   list of headings

题目：Section C   i The influence of Monbusho

308、欣赏

Appreciate   admire

C8 P49 29    list of headings

题目：Paragraph C  vi why our sense of smell is not appreciated

原文：Paragraph C

     In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives,smell is probably

     the most undervalued sense in many cultures.

C8 P72   多选题

题目：H People never appreciate true genius.

原文：that genius goes unrecognized and unrewarded.

把...当做...

Regard as        consider to be

C8 P52 40  填空题

题目：Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain cultures are not regarded as  

     unpleasant in others.

原文：Odours are invested with cultural values:smell that are considered to be

     offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others.

资助

Fund     financial support

C8 P67 4    填空题

题目：EPRI receives financial support from power companies.

原文：EPRI,which is funded by power companies.

获得

Get   obtain   receive    gain   acquire

C8 P69 12   判断题    答案为yes

题目：Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.

原文：He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point-and he is

     hoping for good news.Bernstein predicts‘an avalanche of interest and support’

     if all goes well.

消耗、耗尽

Deplete    exhaust

C8 P72     多选题

题目：B The talents of geniuses are soon exhausted.

原文：that prodigies burn too brightly too soon and burn out.

继承、遗传

Inherit    hand down     carry on   run in families世代相传

C8 P72    多选题

题目：F Genius is inherited

原文：genius run in families.

困难、逆境

Difficulties      adversity

C8 P72     多选题

题目：J Gifted people develop their greatness through difficulties.

原文：that adversity makes men wise.

责任

Duty   responsibility    liability  

C8 P72    多选题

题目：C Gifted people should use their gifts.

原文：that people with gifts have a responsibility to use them .

客观

Objective    impersonality    

主观  subjective

C8 P73 20    判断题    答案为true

题目：Nineteenth-century studies of genius lacked both objectivity and a proper

     scientific approach.

原文：It was only with the growth of paediatrics and psychology in the twentieth

     century that studies could be carried out on a more objective,if still not always

     very scientific,basis.

温馨提示：众所周知，任何事物都是向前发展的，20世纪都做不到科学，19世纪当然也无法科学和客观。这种对原文做出的合理推纳是可以的。

形式、模式

Format    pattern

C8 P88 3     list of headings

题目：Section D    v The typical format of a maths lesson